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Tertius Steyn’s holistic approach to exercise allows children to develop physical strength as well as social and emotional learning. Meanwhile, One Ten offers workouts for young people in exchange for voluntary work.

The study, published yesterday in Frontiers in Physiology, asked young boys, untrained men and endurance athletes to do high intensity exercise, then looked at how quickly their muscles fatigued and recovered.

The researchers quite literally put the participants through their paces, having them perform strenuous activity on a stationary bike.

They found the boys’ muscles didn’t tire easily — even when performing at a similar level to the endurance athletes.

“They may even recover more quickly than elite athletes … which might be why kids recover so quickly when they do bouts of play or activity.”

Are kids as fit as endurance athletes?

Professor of Health Science at the University of South Australia, Tim Olds, said the study was interesting — but stressed it didn’t mean young children were as fit as endurance athletes.

“What it’s found is the way they recover more resembles endurance athletes, than untrained adults,” said Professor Olds, who is not associated with the study.

In order to understand why kids have such good endurance and recovery, you need to understand how the body makes energy, he said.

“There are two broad ways to generate energy: one is aerobically … the other process is anaerobically.”

Anaerobic energy generation produces lactate, Professor Olds explained, and when high levels of lactate build up in muscles, it causes fatigue.

“But kids don’t have as highly developed anaerobic systems as the average adult … therefore they don’t produce a lot of lactic acid, and therefore they don’t seize up after repeated bouts [of exercise].

The study also showed the rate at which the boys’ blood cleared lactate was faster than endurance athletes, allowing them to recover quickly.

Implications for young athletes

As well as helping explain why 10-year-old boys seem so indefatigable, Professor Blazevich said the study could be useful in showing where to focus training efforts in young athletes.

“This shows us kids are actually pretty good at playing, stopping, playing, stopping, playing, stopping. So that might mean that playing sports where they just get to run around a lot is much more enjoyable than doing other forms of deliberate exercise like adults might do.”

What’s more, it’s helpful for families where kids are keen to achieve at a higher level in sport, by helping identify weaknesses to target, Professor Blazevich said.

“It looks like their aerobic fitness is very good, so we might therefore target skill, because they’re usually less skilful, strength, because relatively they tend to be weaker, and their high intensity or sprint ability, because of course they are weaker in that than adults as well. So it allows us to target in youth athletes the areas they need for improvement,” he said.

The study was small, looking at 12 boys aged around 10, 12 untrained male university students and 13 male endurance athletes, which Professor Blazevich said was because of limited access to national-level endurance athletes and ethical constraints around research involving children.

‘Being a child might be healthy for us’

The research is also a step towards better understanding how the risk of developing diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes increases as we age, according to lead author Associate Professor Sebastien Ratel from Universite Clermont Auvergne.

“With the rise in diseases related to physical inactivity, it is helpful to understand the physiological changes with growth that might contribute to the risk of disease,” he said.

“Our research indicates that aerobic fitness, at least at the muscle level, decreases significantly as children move into adulthood, which is around the time increases in diseases such as diabetes occur.

“It will be interesting in future research to determine whether the muscular changes we have observed are directly related to disease risk. At least, our results might provide motivation for practitioners to maintain muscle fitness as children grow up; it seems that being a child might be healthy for us.”